Graphite / Pencil drawing dipicting an Intergration tactic called Desegregation busing , (also known as forced busing or busing) it is the practice of attempting to intergrate schools by assigning students to schools based primarily on race, rather than geographic proximity. Although public schools were technically desegregated in 1954 by the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown vs Board of Education, many were still de facto segregated due to inequality in housing and racial segregation in neighborhoods. In the 1971 Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education ruling, the Supreme Court allowed the federal government to force mandatory busing on Charlotte, North Carolina and other cities nationwide to affect student assignment based on race and to attempt to further integrate schools. However, in 1974's Milliken v. Bradley they placed an important limitation on Swann when they ruled that students could only be bused across district lines when evidence of de jure segregation across multiple school districts existed. In the 1970s and 1980s, under federal court supervision, many school districts implemented mandatory busing plans within their district. A few of these plans are still in use today. This Image is offered as a Limited Edition Giclee' on watercolor paper , contact artist for details.