Western Columbine are short to medium perennials, in the Ranunculaceae family. There are over 60 species of Columbines throughout the world. Columbines were consumed in moderation by Native Americans as a condiment with other fresh greens, and are reported to be very sweet, and safe if consumed in small quantities. The plant's seeds and roots are highly poisonous however, and contain cardiogenic toxins which cause both severe gastroenteritis and heart palpitations if consumed as food. Native Americans used very small amounts of Columbine root as an effective treatment for ulcers. However, the medicinal use of this plant is better avoided due to its high toxicity; Columbine poisonings may be fatal This picture of Western Columbine was taken on the Iditarod trail near Girdwood.